Formation Aid

(Synthetic Tororo-aoi) Two teaspoons dissolved into four gallons of water will make a viscous liquid which, when added in moderation to a vat of Japanese fibers, helps the papermaker make thin, even sheets. A deflocculent, it keeps the fibers in suspension and helps prevent knotting. This product is not recommended for use with western fibers. We have PNS & PMP available. PNS is used with pulp with no additives, PMP is used with pulp with additives, such as pigment, retention aid and sizing.

Coagulant

This is the same product as the PNS Formation Aid. When it is used with additives such as pigment, sizing and retention aid it will cause the pulp to flocculate or coagulate. This technique can be used to create beautiful decorative multi-colored papers. The Coagulant is particularly effective with the pearlescent pigments.

Retention Aid

This particular form of Retention Aid is superior to any other we have tried. Because it is in granular form, it has an infinite shelf life. This product is also most economical. A quarter of a teaspoon added to water is all that is required to make a quart of Retention Aid solution. This solution will help fiber retain pigment, preventing pigment loss in the drain water.
 

Internal Sizing

An ideal size for the hand papermaker. Known by the brand name of Hercon 70, this milky white liquid is blended with the pulp to make the final sheets resist water. Refrigerate, but do not freeze.
 

Soda Ash

(sodium carbonate) An alkali compound used to help break down non-fibrous elements during the cooking of plant fiber. Cook in a stainless steel or enamel pot (never in aluminum). For each pound of fiber use 4 to 6 ounces of soda ash. Cook at a simmer or under pressure. Cooking time ranges from 2 to 5 hours. For complete instructions we recommend: A Guide to Japanese Papermaking, see Books.
 

Calcium Carbonate

This chalky white powder is added to the pulp to create a neutral pH environment and a more opaque sheet. In addition, Calcium Carbonate also resides in the finished paper and acts as a chemical buffering agent to neutralize future acid attack. The powder must be stirred or beaten in carefully to avoid lumps. We add calcium carbonate to all our pulps, including sculpture pulp, to make our papers archival and neutral pH.
 

Kaolin (China Clay)

This fine white powder when added to pulp reduces shrinkage, makes paper more opaque, and if calendered or used in casting pulp makes the paper smoother. Adding too much kaolin will reduce the tear and tensile strength of the paper.